Introduction Obesity is a disorder characterized by a disproportionate increase in body
weight in relation to height, mainly due to the accumulation of fat, and is considered a …

Sarcopenia is defined as low muscle function (walking speed or grip strength) in the
presence of low muscle mass. A simple screening test—the SARC-F—is available to identify …

Aim The goal of this study was to determine if long‐term testosterone (T) therapy in men with
hypogonadism, henceforth referred to as testosterone deficiency (TD), ameliorates or …

Context: Low testosterone (T) has been associated with incident metabolic syndrome
(MetS), but it remains unclear if this association is independent of sex hormone binding …

Background In men, the long‐term consequences of low serum levels of sex steroids,
vitamin D metabolites, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) on the evolution of muscle …

Background Treatment of obesity with diet and exercise may have short-term success but
longer-term maintenance of weight loss is less successful. Obesity is associated with a …

Sex differences exist in the complex regulation of energy homeostasis that utilizes central
and peripheral systems. It is widely accepted that sex steroids, especially estrogens, are …

Background Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA)
are characterized by a strong male predominance. Concentrations of sex steroid hormones …

Androgens have potent anabolic effects on skeletal muscle and decline with age in parallel
to losses in muscle mass and strength. This loss of muscle mass and function, known as …

Background: There is a high and increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in South
Africans of all ages. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity must be identified to …