The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny
fraction of all GW signals that reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit …

We present the results of the search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave
background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies using the second data release of the European …

The noise in millisecond pulsar (MSP) timing data can include contributions from observing
instruments, the interstellar medium, the solar wind, solar system ephemeris errors, and the …

We searched for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the second data
release of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration synthesizing decadal …

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are galactic-scale gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Each
individual arm, composed of a millisecond pulsar, a radio telescope, and a kiloparsecs-long …

We present results from the search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) as
predicted by the theory of General Relativity using six radio millisecond pulsars from the …

Aims. The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is expected to be an aggregate
signal of an ensemble of gravitational waves emitted predominantly by a large population of …

We present high-precision timing data over time spans of up to 11 years for 45 millisecond
pulsars observed as part of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational …

In this paper, we describe the International Pulsar Timing Array second data release, which
includes recent pulsar timing data obtained by three regional consortia: the European Pulsar …

A cosmological first-order phase transition is expected to produce a stochastic gravitational
wave background. If the phase transition temperature is on the MeV scale, the power …