Background and objectives Since the 1988 publication of Hembree's seminal meta-analysis
on test anxiety, much has changed in the theoretical conceptualization of test anxiety, as …

Heightened academic stress in the final years of schooling is a common concern, yet little is
known about how stress changes over time and what individual, school and family factors …

This study examined the relationship between test-based accountability policy at the state
level, teacher test stress, teacher burnout, and teacher turnover intentions, while controlling …

The main objectives of the present research were to test a conceptual model linking
motivational processes involved in coping with the stress of university assessment, and to …

This study examined the relationship of test-based accountability policies on teacher stress
and school climate across four states in the United States. Structural equation modeling of …

This mixed-method study explored teachers' motivational messages before exams and their
impact on students' intrinsic motivation, engagement, and academic performance. High …

Levels of distress, which include stress, depression, and anxiety, are often heightened
during the final year of secondary school and have been linked to major examinations that …

Background Fear appeals are persuasive messages that draw attention to the negative
consequences (eg, academic failure) that follow a particular course of action (eg, not …

Background Fear appeals are discourses commonly used by teachers to motivate students
especially when academic outcomes are paramount. Fear appeals have been associated …

Test anxiety has proliferated in the era of test-based accountability; however, there are
limited tools that allow for consistent identification of students at risk. The present study …