Executive summary Every infant, child, and adolescent will experience pain at times
throughout their life. Childhood pain ranges from acute to chronic, and includes procedural …

Background Infant acute pain and distress is commonplace. Infancy is a period of
exponential development. Unrelieved pain and distress can have implications across the …

Routine assessment and management of neonatal pain has evolved to become an
important therapeutic goal in the twenty-first century. During the twentieth century, however …

Background: Neonates cared for in neonatal intensive care units are exposed to many
painful and stressful procedures that, cumulatively, could impact later neurodevelopmental …

More than 15 million premature infants are born worldwide each year. 1 These infants, along
with term neonates who are born ill, compromised either by congenital abnormalities or by …

Introduction The 2011 IOM report stated that pain management in children is often lacking
especially during routine medical procedures. The purpose of this review is to bring a …

Objective To review the (1) reliability, validation, feasibility, and clinical utility and (2) the use
of the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) from 1996 to 2009 to determine the effectiveness …

More than 15 million premature infants are born worldwide each year. 1 These infants, along
with term neonates who are born ill, compromised either by congenital abnormalities or by …

The individual and social burdens associated with chronic pain have been escalating
globally. Accurate pain measurement facilitates early diagnosis, disease progression …

Objective To conduct a systematic review of the factors predicting anticipatory distress to
painful medical procedures in children. Methods A systematic search was conducted to …