Executive summary Every infant, child, and adolescent will experience pain at times
throughout their life. Childhood pain ranges from acute to chronic, and includes procedural …

Preterm infants are exposed to frequent painful procedures and agitating stimuli over the
many weeks of their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The adverse …

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with diverse cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic
diseases in neonates, infants, and older children and contributes to significant morbidity and …

Routine assessment and management of neonatal pain has evolved to become an
important therapeutic goal in the twenty-first century. During the twentieth century, however …

Established as the foremost textbook on communication, the seventh edition of Owen
Hargie's Skilled Interpersonal Communication is thoroughly revised and updated with the …

THE evaluation of pain in the human fetus and neonate is difficult because pain is generally
defined as a subjective phenomenon. 1 Early studies of neurologic development concluded …

Objective To develop evidence-based guidelines for preventing or treating neonatal pain
and its adverse consequences. Compared with older children and adults, neonates are …

Self-destructive behavior in current society promotes a search for psychobiological factors
underlying this epidemic. Perinatal brain plasticity increases the vulnerability to early …

Background Despite an increasing awareness regarding pain management in neonates and
the availability of published guidelines for the treatment of procedural pain, preterm …

Objectives: The nutritional management of critically ill term neonates and preterm infants
varies widely, and controversies exist in regard to when to initiate nutrition, mode of feeding …