Polymeric materials have been extensively explored in the field of nanomedicine; within
them, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) holds a prominent position in micro-and …

Abstract 3D and 4D printing are cutting-edge technologies for precise and expedited
manufacturing of objects ranging from plastic to metal. Recent advances in 3D and 4D …

Microbial colonization on material surfaces is ubiquitous. Biofilms derived from surface‐
colonized microbes pose serious problems to the society from both an economical …

MXenes (viz., transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides) have emerged as a new
subclass of 2D materials. Due to their outstanding physicochemical and biological …

The development of ideal wound dressing materials with excellent characteristics is
currently a major demand in wound therapy. In recent years, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) …

Bone regeneration is an interdisciplinary complex lesson, including but not limited to
materials science, biomechanics, immunology, and biology. Having witnessed impressive …

Skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi are difficult to treat by conventional
topical administration because of poor drug penetration across the stratum corneum. This …

Gene therapy by expression constructs or down-regulation of certain genes has shown great
potential for the treatment of various diseases. The wide clinical application of nucleic acid …

Tissue engineering has emerged as an interesting field nowadays; it focuses on
accelerating the auto-healing mechanism of tissues rather than organ transplantation. It …

Humans are exposed to nanoscopical nanobiovectors (eg coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) as
well as abiotic metal/carbon-based nanomaterials that enter cells serendipitously or …