Bacteria must be able to respond to a changing environment, and one way to respond is to
move. The transduction of sensory signals alters the concentration of small phosphorylated …

Phosphotransfer-mediated signaling pathways allow cells to sense and respond to
environmental stimuli. Autophosphorylating histidine protein kinases provide phosphoryl …

Allostery in proteins influences various biological processes such as regulation of gene
transcription and activities of enzymes and cell signaling. Computational approaches for …

Although phenomenlogical models that account for cooperativity in allosteric systems date
back to the early and mid‐60's (eg, the KNF and MWC models), there is resurgent interest in …

Posttranslational modification by phosphorylation is a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism in
both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Intracellular phosphorylation by protein kinases, triggered …

Fluoride is widely used as an anticaries agent in drinking water and a variety of other
vehicles. This use has resulted in major health benefits. However, there are still open …

Polar flagella of Vibrio species can rotate at speeds as high as 100,000 rpm and effectively
propel the bacteria in liquid as fast as 60 μm/s. The sodium motive force powers rotation of …

Chemotaxis is a mechanism by which bacteria efficiently and rapidly respond to changes in
the chemical composition of their environment, approaching chemically favorable …

Allosteric regulation of protein function occurs when the regulatory trigger, such as the
binding of a small-molecule effector or inhibitor, takes place some distance from the …

Response regulators function as the output components of two-component systems, which
couple the sensing of environmental stimuli to adaptive responses. Response regulators …