Nesting behaviour in mammals has been investigated in a wide variety of species but to
date there has not been any scholarly review of the incidence and roles of these nests. Not …

Over the past four decades, scientists have made substantial progress in understanding the
evolution of sleep patterns across the Tree of Life. Remarkably, the specifics of sleep along …

Sleep is a universal behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, suggesting it originated
in the very first life forms. Given the vital function of sleep, sleeping patterns and sleep …

Sleep is essential to cognitive function and health in humans, yet the ultimate reasons for
sleep—ie 'why'sleep evolved—remain mysterious. We integrate findings from human sleep …

Animals (including humans) use objects to solve problems or accomplish goals in diverse
ways. Sometimes while doing so they achieve a mechanical effect on a target object or …

As with other species of great apes, chimpanzee numbers have declined over the past
decades. Proper conservation of the remaining chimpanzees requires accurate and frequent …

Nests, including the enormous structures housing colonies of eusocial insects and the
elaborately built nests of some fishes, have long fascinated scientists, yet our understanding …

The conservation of charismatic and functionally important large species is becoming
increasingly difficult. Anthropogenic pressures continue to squeeze available habitat and …

Every evening, chimpanzees build sleeping “nests” in trees. In some studied communities,
individuals appear to be selective about the tree species used, which has led researchers to …

Over the last few years there have been important efforts to improve the rigor, unity and
operationality of Design theories. This work builds on the multiple (but scattered) theoretical …