Gallic acid (GA), also known as 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a natural secondary
metabolite and widely isolated from various fruits, plants and nuts. In recent years, GA has …

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from
asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of …

Gut microbiota dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD) through its metabolites. Therefore, the restoration of the gut microbiota and …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer. The characteristic
excessive stromatogenesis accompanying the growth of this tumor is believed to contribute …

Intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer
(CRC) generally characterized by clinical symptoms, including malabsorption, intestinal …

Probiotics and synbiotics are used to treat chronic illnesses due to their roles in immune
system modulation and anti-inflammatory response. They have been shown to reduce …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses an emerging threat topublic health.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is reported to be the most rapidly rising cause of …

The human gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms living in the digestive
tract, consists of more than 1500 species distributed in more than 50 different phyla, with …

Host-defense peptides (HDPs) are vital components of innate immunity in all vertebrates.
While their antibacterial activity toward bacterial cells was the original focus for research …

Osteoporosis refers to excessive bone loss as reflected by the deterioration of bone mass
and microarchitecture, which compromises bone strength. It is a complex multifactorial …