Biofouling is a persistent problem in almost any water-based application in several
industries. To eradicate biofouling-related problems in bioreactors, the detection of biofilms …

Citrate buffers are commonly utilized in the field of biomolecule stabilization. We investigate
their applicability in the frozen state within a range of initial pHs (2.5 to 8.0) and …

Nitrate, a member of the oxidized nitrogen family (NO y), is one of the primary species
involved in the nitrogen cycle and thus plays a key role in ecosystem processes, globally. It …

An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used for the first time to obtain
well-resolved images, in both temporal and spatial dimensions, of lab-prepared frost flowers …

Freezing and lyophilization are often used for stabilization of biomolecules; however, this
sometimes results in partial degradation and loss of biological function in these molecules …

The freezing of ionic aqueous solutions is common in both nature and human-conducted
cryopreservation. The cooling rate and the dimensions constraining the solution are known …

We present a complex analysis and optimisation of dynamic conditions in the environmental
scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to allow in-situ observation of extremely delicate wet …

Ice templates have been widely utilized for the preparation of porous materials due to the
obvious advantages, such as environmentally benign and applicable to a wide range of …

The microstructure of polycrystalline ice with a threading solution of brine controls its
numerous characteristics, including the ice mechanical properties, ice–atmosphere …

We propose a new principle for fabrication of size-tunable fluidic nano-and microchannels
with a ubiquitous green material, water. Grooves filled with a solution are spontaneously …