Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease and is associated with a high
burden of morbidity and adverse clinical outcomes. In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving …

For the past 3 decades, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) in conjunction with iron
supplementation has been the mainstay of treatment for anemia in chronic kidney disease …

In chronic kidney disease, anemia and disordered iron homeostasis are prevalent and
associated with significant adverse consequences. In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving …

Background: Patients with CKD frequently have anemia that results from iron-restricted
erythropoiesis and inflammation. Anemia of CKD is currently managed with iron …

Oxygen is essential for the maintenance of the body. Living organisms have evolved
systems to secure an oxygen environment to be proper. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays …

Introduction This integrated phase 3 analysis examined efficacy and cardiovascular safety
for roxadustat vs erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in dialysis-dependent patients …

Background: Five types of HIF-PHIs have been authorized for anemia treatment in CKD
patients in China and Japan. These are enarodustat, roxadustat, daprodustat, vadadustat …

Abstract Introduction: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are the current standard of
care for anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients not undergoing dialysis …

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and their regulatory hydroxylases the prolyl hydroxylase
domain enzymes (PHDs) are the key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia. HIFs are …

Background: Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. The hypoxia-
inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) is a new class of oral drugs for the …