1. Specific recommendations for prevention strategies often depend on the ischemic
stroke/transient ischemic attack subtype. Therefore, new in this guideline is a section …

Background and Purpose—The purpose of these guidelines is to provide an up-to-date
comprehensive set of recommendations in a single document for clinicians caring for adult …

Importance Patent foramen ovale (PFO)–associated strokes comprise approximately 10% of
ischemic strokes in adults aged 18 to 60 years. While device closure decreases stroke …

Myocardial interstitial fibrosis contributes to left ventricular dysfunction leading to the
development of heart failure. Basic research has provided abundant evidence for the …

The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number
of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements …

Background Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a vestigial congenital cardiovascular structure
present in around 25% of adults. In most cases, PFO is entirely benign and requires no …

The 2020 update of the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (CSBPR) for the
Secondary Prevention of Stroke includes current evidence-based recommendations and …

Objective To update the 2016 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) practice advisory for
patients with stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO). Methods The guideline panel followed …

Ischaemic strokes have traditionally been classified according to the TOAST criteria, in
which strokes with unclear aetiology are classified as cryptogenic strokes. However, the …

Importance Recent epidemiologic and therapeutic advances have transformed
understanding of the role of and therapeutic approach to patent foramen ovale (PFO) in …