Global change includes a substantial increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme high
temperatures (EHTs), which influence insects at almost all levels. The number of studies …

Insects have distinct life stages that can differ in their responses to environmental factors. We
discuss empirical evidence and theoretical models for ontogenetic variation in thermal …

With climate change creating a more volatile atmosphere, heatwaves that create thermal
stress for living systems will become stronger and more frequent. Using the flour beetle …

Bee populations are exposed to multiple stressors, including land‐use change, biological
invasions, climate change, and pesticide exposure, that may interact synergistically. We …

For small ectotherm species, dealing with microclimatic variation during sensitive stages of
their development is a critical component of their ecological interactions within and among …

Considerable evidence exists for local adaptation of critical thermal limits in ectotherms
following adult temperature stress, but fewer studies have tested for local adaptation of …

Highlights•Fine-scale microclimates provide thermal refugia buffering climate change.•
Thermoregulation can aid for avoiding daily temperature extremes.•Life history variation in …

In seasonal environments, many animals, including insects, enter dormancy, where they are
limited to a fixed energy budget. The inability to replenish energetic stores during these …

Plasticity in traits in response to environmental conditions can increase fitness, expanding
the range of environments within which a genotype can generate viable and productive …

The frequency and duration of periods with high temperatures are expected to increase
under global warming. Thus, even short-lived organisms are increasingly likely to …