The use of plants for the production of virus‐like nanoparticles (VNPs) dates back to
separating natural empty capsids of plant viruses from whole virions nearly 70 years ago …

Identification of pathogens or antibody response to pathogens in human and animals
modulates the treatment strategies for naive population and subsequent infections …

Plant-made vaccines are now a well-established and well-tested concept in veterinary
medicine—yet the only product so far licenced was never produced commercially. This is …

Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a significant pathogen of wild Australasian and
African psittacine birds. We assessed the immunogenicity of recombinant BFDV capsid …

Psittacine beak and feather disease is known to occur in a wide range of psittacine species;
however, there are no scientific or credible anecdotal reports of psittacine beak and feather …

PCR-based assays for the detection of BFDV DNA are in widespread use throughout the
world. Quantitative real-time PCR assays are extremely sensitive and have the advantages …

Currently, the only diagnostic test available routinely for the sero-diagnosis of BFDV is the
haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. This test, whilst useful and applicable to samples …

Background Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is an important disease causing agent
affecting psittacines. BFDV is highly infectious and can present as acute, chronic or …

Structural insights into the biology of viruses such as beak and feather disease virus (BFDV)
which do not replicate in cell cultures are increasingly reliant on recombinant methods for …

Expression of recombinant beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) capsid-associated
protein (Cap) has relied on inefficient techniques that typically produce low yields or use …