The vagina has been used as a mucosal drug delivery route for a long time. Its single
characteristics can be either limitative or advantageous when drug delivery is considered …

To use or not to use, that is the first decision to take regarding a drug product. This
mandatory step for adherence dictates product efficacy. The determinants for such decision …

Objectives To determine the incidence of unintended pregnancy among female sex workers
(FSWs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design We searched …

Abstract Background Female sex workers (FSWs) experience high levels of sexual and
reproductive health (SRH) morbidity, violence and discrimination. Successful SRH …

Background: Research on vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention is progressing rapidly;
the first large-scale effectiveness trials were launched in 2004. The majority of candidate …

Topical vaginal microbicides are being developed to reduce HIV infection in women for
whom correct and consistent condom use is impossible or undesirable. Although …

Background Spermicides have been used as contraceptives for thousands of years. Despite
this long use, only recently have studies examined the comparative efficacy and …

The development of topically applied products capable of preventing vaginal and rectal
transmission of HIV-1 has been on-going for nearly 20 years. Despite this, only one clinical …

The objective of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate a contraceptive
vagino-adhesive propranolol hydrochloride gel. To achieve this, various mucoadhesive …

Intravaginal insertion is often associated with the concept of 'dry'sex. All HIV-prevention
microbicides tested to date have been vaginally applied lubricant-based gels. In this paper …