We developed and validated a fully articulated model of the thoracolumbar spine in opensim
that includes the individual vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. To ensure trunk muscles in the …

Children, small female, elderly, and obese occupants are at greater risk of death and serious
injuries in motor-vehicle crashes than the mid-size, young, male occupants. However …

In this study, we developed a statistical rib cage geometry model accounting for variations by
age, sex, stature and body mass index (BMI). Thorax CT scans were obtained from 89 …

Rib cage morphology changes with age and sex are expected to affect thoracic injury
mechanisms and tolerance, particularly for vulnerable populations such as pediatrics and …

Sexual dimorphism in the human respiratory system has been previously reported at the
skeletal (cranial and thoracic) level, but also at the pulmonary level. Regarding lungs …

The difficulties in quantifying the 3D form and spatial relationships of the skeletal
components of the ribcage present a barrier to studies of the growth of the thoracic skeleton …

This study presents four validation cases of a mid-sized male (M50) full human body finite
element model—two lateral sled tests at 6.7 m/s, one sled test at 8.9 m/s, and a lateral drop …

Objectives: The global spinal sagittal alignment varies widely among healthy individuals as
it is affected by not only race, but also aging. We investigated age-related changes in the …

The morphology of the brain and skull are important in the evaluation of the aging human;
however, little is known about how the skull may change with age. The objective of this study …

Validation is a critical step in finite element model (FEM) development. This study focuses on
the validation of the Global Human Body Models Consortium full body average male …