Cancer remains the most devastating disease and the major cause of mortality worldwide.
Although early diagnosis and treatment are the key approach in fighting against cancer, the …

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that link to various substrates with great
affinity and selectivity, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, cells, and tissues. For …

Brain-derived exosomes (BDEs) are extracellular nanovesicles released by all central
nervous system cell lineages and contain cargo from the cells that produced them. In …

Nanomedicine is a speedily growing area of medical research that is focused on developing
nanomaterials for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Nanomaterials with …

A pivotal cause of death in the modern world, cancer is an insidious pathology that should
be diagnosed at an early stage for successful treatment. Development of therapeutic …

Opioids are generally used as analgesics in pain treatment. Like many drugs, they have side
effects when overdosed and can cause addiction problems. Illegal drug use and misuse are …

Immune‐mediated diseases (IMDs) are chronic conditions that have an immune‐mediated
etiology. Clinically, these diseases appear to be unrelated, but pathogenic pathways have …

Thyroid cancer, as one of the most common endocrine cancers, has seen a surge in
incidence in recent years. This is most likely due to the lack of specificity and accuracy of its …

Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all viable cells following
the fusing of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane and discharged into the …

Currently, several biosensors are reported to confirm the absence/presence of an abnormal
level of specific human biomarkers in research laboratories. Unfortunately, public marketing …