Abstract Across the Indo-Pacific region, rapid increases in surface temperatures, ocean heat
content and concomitant hydrological changes have implications for sea level rise, ocean …

The Arctic Ocean has experienced rapid warming and sea ice loss in recent decades,
becoming the first open-ocean basin to experience widespread aragonite undersaturation …

Graph Transformer (GT) recently has emerged as a new paradigm of graph learning
algorithms, outperforming the previously popular Message Passing Neural Network (MPNN) …

Marine heatwaves have profoundly impacted marine ecosystems over large areas of the
world oceans, calling for improved understanding of their dynamics and predictability. Here …

Uncertainties in ocean-mixing parameterizations are primary sources for ocean and climate
modeling biases. Due to lack of process understanding, traditional physics-driven …

This study compares the evolution of atmospheric and oceanic anomalies as well as
predictions for the two most recent triple‐dip La Niña events in 1998–2001 and 2020–2023 …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs), episodic periods of abnormally high sea surface temperature,
severely affect marine ecosystems. Large marine ecosystems (LMEs) cover~ 22% of the …

While diffusion models can successfully generate data and make predictions, they are
predominantly designed for static images. We propose an approach for training diffusion …

Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2022 annual report and is
available from https://doi. org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0090.1. Compiled by NOAA's National …

Attribution of compound events informs preparedness for emerging hazards with
disproportionate impacts. However, the task remains challenging because space-time …