Abstract The Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayan system, named the Third Pole because it
is the largest global store of frozen water after the polar regions, provides a reliable water …

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) impacts local and remote atmospheric circulations,
wherein it mechanically and thermally affects air masses or airflows. Moreover, the TP …

Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) have become a dominant geomorphic event in
permafrost regions due to the modern climate change. However, the roles of topographic …

Monitoring the thermal state of permafrost (TSP) is important in many environmental science
and engineering applications. However, such data are generally unavailable, mainly due to …

Permafrost degradation poses serious threats to both natural and human systems through its
influence on ecological–hydrological processes, infrastructure stability, and the climate …

Global warming has led to permafrost degradation worldwide. The Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
(QTP) hosts most of the world's alpine permafrost, yet its impending changes remain largely …

The damage to infrastructure caused by near-surface permafrost degradation is directly
related to the well-being of 10 million people and the sustainable development on the …

Interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere
are most active in the critical zone, a region extending from the tops of trees to the top of …

Under a warming climate, permafrost degradation has resulted in profound hydrogeological
consequences. Here, we mainly review 240 recent relevant papers. Permafrost degradation …

Rock glaciers are important hydrological reserves in arid and semi-arid regions. Their
activity states can indicate the existence of permafrost. To help further explore the …