There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated
one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains …

Helminth parasites infect almost one-third of the world's population, primarily in tropical
regions. However, regions where helminth parasites are endemic record much lower …

Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are parasitic helminth diseases that constitute a
serious public health issue in tropical regions. The filarial nematodes that cause these …

Helminth infections are ubiquitous worldwide and can trigger potent immune responses that
differ from and potentially antagonize host protective responses to microbial pathogens. In …

Parasites have evolved a wide range of mechanisms that they use to evade or manipulate
the host's immune response and establish infection. The majority of the in vivo studies that …

Background and aims Sarcoidosis is characterised by a compartmentalisation of CD4+ T
helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes and activated macrophages in involved organs, including the …

Tuberculosis is the most prevalent bacterial infectious disease in humans and the leading
cause of death from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. The causative agent …

Alternatively activated macrophages play an important role in host defense in the context of
a T helper type 2 (Th2) microenvironment such as parasitic infection. However, the role of …

Tuberculosis and helminthic infections coexist in many parts of the world, yet the impact of
helminth-elicited Th2 responses on the ability of the host to control Mycobacterium …

Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) act at the interface of host and pathogen interactions in human
infectious diseases. Tregs are induced by a wide range of pathogens, but distinct effects of …