The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Aims Ivabradine, a new I f inhibitor which acts specifically on the pacemaker activity of the
sinoatrial node, is a pure heart rate lowering agent. Ivabradine has shown anti-ischaemic …

This study tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
can attenuate the effects of adrenergic agonists on the growth of cardiac myocytes and …

The type 1 angiotensin II (AT1) receptor is well characterized but the type 2 (AT2) receptor
remains an enigma. We tested the hypothesis that the AT2 receptor can modulate the growth …

Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and
myocardial fibrosis. While recent in vivo and in vitro studies performed in cultured cardiac …

Heart failure (HF) afflicts about 5 million people and causes 300 000 deaths a year in the
United States alone. An integral part of the pathogenesis of HF is cardiac remodelling, and …

We compared the ability of angiotensin II (Ang II) to induce hypertrophy of neonatal rat
ventricular myocytes with that of endothelin-1. Over 72 hours, Ang II (1 μmol/L) increased the …

Aldosterone plays a pathological role in cardiac fibrosis by directly affecting cardiac
fibroblasts. Understanding of the cellular mechanisms of aldosterone action in cardiac …

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) is a ubiquitous peptide that has a fundamental role in both
prenatal and postnatal development (reviewed in [1, 2]). It is the major mediator of growth …

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) regulate myocardial remodeling by proliferating, differentiating,
and secreting extracellular matrix proteins. Prolonged activation of CFs leads to cardiac …