Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids

C Stein, M Schäfer, H Machelska - Nature medicine, 2003 - nature.com
The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central
side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting …

Sensory and signaling mechanisms of bradykinin, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide in peripheral nociceptors

G Pethő, PW Reeh - Physiological reviews, 2012 - journals.physiology.org
Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory
and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two …

PGE2 modulates the tetrodotoxin‐resistant sodium current in neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurones via the cyclic AMP‐protein kinase A cascade.

S England, S Bevan, RJ Docherty - The Journal of physiology, 1996 - Wiley Online Library
1. In current‐clamp recordings, 1 microM prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased the excitability
of neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurones. The current threshold for firing was reduced …

Peripheral mechanisms of pain and analgesia

C Stein, JD Clark, U Oh, MR Vasko, GL Wilcox… - Brain research …, 2009 - Elsevier
This review summarizes recent findings on peripheral mechanisms underlying the
generation and inhibition of pain. The focus is on events occurring in peripheral injured …

Modulation of TTX-R INa by PKC and PKA and their role in PGE2-induced sensitization of rat sensory neurons in vitro

MS Gold, JD Levine, AM Correa - Journal of Neuroscience, 1998 - Soc Neuroscience
A tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated Na+ current (TTX-R I Na) appears to be the current
primarily responsible for action potential generation in the cell body and terminals of …

Modulation of peripheral sensory neurons by the immune system: implications for pain therapy

C Stein, H Machelska - Pharmacological reviews, 2011 - ASPET
The concept that the immune system can communicate with peripheral sensory neurons to
modulate pain is based mostly on documented interactions between opioid ligands and …

Increased excitability of afferent neurons innervating rat urinary bladder after chronic bladder inflammation

N Yoshimura, WC de Groat - Journal of Neuroscience, 1999 - Soc Neuroscience
The properties of bladder afferent neurons in L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia of adult rats
were evaluated after chronic bladder inflammation induced by 2 week treatment with …

Twenty years of dendrotoxins

AL Harvey - Toxicon, 2001 - Elsevier
Dendrotoxins are small proteins that were isolated 20 years ago from mamba (Dendroaspis)
snake venoms (Harvey, AL, Karlsson, E., 1980. Dendrotoxin from the venom of the green …

Opioids

C Zöllner, C Stein - analgesia, 2007 - Springer
Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They
act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid …

Dual mechanisms of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the inspiratory rhythm-generating network

NA Baertsch, NE Bush, NJ Burgraff, JM Ramirez - Elife, 2021 - elifesciences.org
The analgesic utility of opioid-based drugs is limited by the life-threatening risk of respiratory
depression. Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), mediated by the μ-opioid …