The ultimate goal of radiation oncology is to eradicate tumours without toxicity to non-
malignant tissues. FLASH radiotherapy, or the delivery of ultra-high dose rates of radiation …

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic
strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects …

Simple Summary Radiotherapy with carbon ions has been used for over 20 years in Asia
and Europe and is now planned in the USA. The physics advantages of carbon ions …

Radiotherapy should have low toxicity in the entrance channel (normal tissue) and be very
effective in cell killing in the target region (tumour). In this regard, ions heavier than protons …

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor and is associated with a
high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis. Effective treatment for osteosarcoma …

Background and purpose The FLASH effect is a potential breakthrough in radiotherapy
because ultra-high dose-rate irradiation can substantially widen the therapeutic window …

Sarcomas are uncommon malignancies of mesenchymal origin that can arise throughout the
human lifespan, at any part of the body. Surgery remains the optimal treatment modality …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes selective damage to tumor cells and vasculature and
also triggers an anti-tumor immune response. The latter fact has prompted the exploration of …

Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common malignant tumor in the musculoskeletal system,
mainly occurs in adolescents. OS results in high mortality and disability rates due to a fatal …

Simple Summary Although immune checkpoint blockade has yielded unprecedented and
durable responses in cancer patients, the efficacy of this treatment remains limited …