Abstract Arachidonic acid (AA), a 20 carbon chain polyunsaturated fatty acid with 4 double
bonds, is an integral constituent of biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and …

1.1. Discovery of the Phospholipase A2 Superfamily Phospholipases represent one of the
earliest enzyme activities to be identified and studied, and the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) …

The group IV phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2) family is comprised of six intracellular enzymes
(GIVA,-B,-C,-D,-E, and-F) commonly referred to as cytosolic PLA 2 (cPLA 2) α,-β,-γ,-δ,-ε, and …

Immunity in higher organisms can be broadly categorized into adaptive immunity and innate
immunity. Adaptive immunity is mediated by clonally distributed T and B lymphocytes which …

Mechanical forces associated with blood flow play important roles in the acute control of
vascular tone, the regulation of arterial structure and remodeling, and the localization of …

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade is a central pathway that transmits
signals from many extracellular agents to regulate cellular processes such as proliferation …

Many distinct signaling pathways allow the cell to receive, process, and respond to
information. Often, components of different pathways interact, resulting in signaling …

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …

In this work we advance the hypothesis that omega-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty
acids (LCPUFAs) exhibit cytoprotective and cytotherapeutic actions contributing to a number …

Since the second messenger role was proposed for the products of inositol phospholipid
hydrolysis, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the biochemical …