Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing
pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal …

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been studied extensively for over two decades for
their novel electronic, photonic, thermal, electrochemical and mechanical properties. This …

Genetic screens help infer gene function in mammalian cells, but it has remained difficult to
assay complex phenotypes—such as transcriptional profiles—at scale. Here, we develop …

CRISPR-Cas9 is a versatile genome editing technology for studying the functions of genetic
elements. To broadly enable the application of Cas9 in vivo, we established a Cre …

Cancer immunotherapy attempts to harness the power and specificity of the immune system
to treat tumours. The molecular identification of human cancer-specific antigens has allowed …

Next-generation sequencing allows the analysis of genomes, including those representing
disease states. However, the causes of most disorders are multifactorial, and systems-level …

Despite their importance, the molecular circuits that control the differentiation of naive T cells
remain largely unknown. Recent studies that reconstructed regulatory networks in …

Finding the components of cellular circuits and determining their functions systematically
remains a major challenge in mammalian cells. Here, we introduced genome-wide pooled …

Intracellular delivery of advanced therapeutics, including biologicals and supramolecular
agents, is complex because of the natural biological barriers that have evolved to protect the …

Recognition of an invading pathogen is critical to elicit protective responses. Certain
microbial structures and molecules, which are crucial for their survival and virulence, are …