Sunspot observations are available in fairly good numbers since 1610, after the invention of
the telescope. This review is concerned with those sunspot observations of which longer …

Auroral ecosystem services (ES) is a subject that has not yet been formally addressed in the
expansive ecosystem services literature. This study conducts a systematic literature review …

We explore some of the ramifications arising from superflares on the evolutionary history of
Earth, other planets in the solar system, and exoplanets. We propose that the most powerful …

Historical sunspot records and the construction of a comprehensive database are among the
most sought after research activities in solar physics. Here, we revisit the issues and …

Records of observations of sunspots and auroras in pre-telescopic historical documents
provide useful information about past solar activity both in long-term trends and short-term …

The enhancement of carbon-14 in tree rings around AD 774/775 has generated wide
interest in solar activity at that time. The historical auroral records have been examined …

Continuous observations at specified locations and chronicling of astronomical phenomena
provide a good opportunity to study ancient space weather. There are 248 white, 125 red …

Great magnetic storms are recorded as aurora sightings in historical documents. The earliest
known example of “prolonged” aurora sightings, with aurora persistent for two or more nights …

Three Japanese sunspot drawings associated with Iwahashi Zenbei (1756–1811) are
shown here from contemporary manuscripts and woodprint documents with the relevant …

Auroras observed at middle and low geographic latitudes are related to external inputs and
varying geomagnetic fields. This work aims to exclude corotating interaction region (CIR) …