Understanding the cumulative effects of multiple stressors is a research priority in
environmental science. Ecological models are a key component of tackling this challenge …

The need to implement an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is enshrined in
numerous regulations and strategies, at both global and European level. In practice, it is …

The UN declared the 2021–2030 as the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable
Development (Ocean Decade). The Ocean Decade's vision is to “develop scientific …

Abstract Marine Ecosystem Models (MEMs) provide a deeper understanding of marine
ecosystem dynamics. The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable …

The rate of change in marine ecosystems and the speed with which pressure on those
systems is escalating are much faster than rates of institutional change or management …

There is an increasing need for marine spatial planning in the North Sea given the multiple
uses with competing objectives. Plans to increase renewable energy production by …

The implementation of marine spatial plans as required by the Directive on Maritime Spatial
Planning (MSP) of the European Union (EU) poses novel demands for the development of …

Along the northeast Pacific coast, the salmon-eating southern resident killer whale
population (SRKW, Orcinus orca) have been at very low levels since the 1970s. Previous …

The long-term provision of ecosystem goods and services depends on the
operationalisation of ecosystem-based management approaches that ensure effective …

The dynamics of marine systems at decadal scales are notoriously hard to predict—hence
references to this timescale as the “grey zone” for ocean prediction. Nevertheless, decadal …