Renewable energy source (RES) based electrical power plants are widely considered green
and clean due to their contribution to decarbonizing the energy sectors. It is apparent that …

Abstract Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) sources, such as offshore wind, waves, tides,
ocean currents, thermal and salinity gradients, appear as promising low-carbon forms of …

Abstract Mid-latitude (∼ 30-60°) seasonally stratifying shelf-seas support a high abundance
and diversity of marine predators such as marine mammals and seabirds. However …

Many fish species are threatened worldwide by overfishing, contamination, coastal
development, climate change, and other anthropogenic activities. Marine renewable energy …

Mitigating global warming requires the rapid deployment of renewable energy (RE) systems
throughout all parts of the world economy. A crucial step for such deployments is the …

Tidal stream turbines operate in the harsh marine environment, subjected to turbulence,
wave action and wakes from upstream devices when deployed in arrays. Turbines may be …

Although sustainable marine technology brings benefits to economic development, it also
affects the marine environment due to the changes in the behavior of marine animals or …

Ocean energy technologies are still at an early stage of development; only a handful of
concepts are being invented and tested worldwide. The environmental impact of these …

There is uncertainty on the ecological effects of tidal stream turbines. Concerns include
animal collision with turbine blades, disruption of migratory and foraging behaviour …

Hydrokinetic turbines such as vertical axis turbines (VATs) may provide decentralised, clean,
sustainable energy for remote communities that lack access to the main energy grid or …