Immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human cells and tissues, that is, humanized
mice, have become increasingly important as small, preclinical animal models for the study …

Humanized immune system mouse models: progress, challenges and opportunities | Nature
Immunology Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser …

Abstract Infection with Asian-lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with Guillain–
Barré syndrome and fetal abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly …

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors involved in
recognition and induction of adaptive immunity to pathogens. Certain CLRs play an …

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting many medically important viruses
such as those that cause Zika and dengue. The inoculation of viruses into mosquito bite …

Leishmania donovani parasites are the cause of visceral leishmaniasis and are transmitted
by bites from phlebotomine sand flies. A prominent feature of vector-transmitted Leishmania …

Mosquitoes transmit many disease-relevant flaviviruses. Efficient viral transmission to
mammalian hosts requires mosquito salivary factors. However, the specific salivary …

Flaviviruses are known to cause a variety of diseases in humans in different parts of the
world. There are very limited numbers of antivirals to combat flavivirus infection, and …

Hundreds of viruses, designated as arboviruses, are transmitted by arthropod vectors in
complex transmission cycles between the virus, vertebrate host, and the vector. With millions …

Many examples of the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases involve the
adaptation of zoonotic viruses to new amplification hosts or to humans themselves. These …