Aims The aim of the present paper was to provide an up‐to‐date view on epidemiology and
risk factors of heart failure (HF) development after myocardial infarction. Methods and results …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects half of all patients with heart
failure worldwide, is increasing in prevalence, confers substantial morbidity and mortality …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc‐dependent endopeptidases that were first
discovered as proteases, which target and cleave extracellular proteins. During the past 20 …

The immune system plays a pivotal role in the initiation, development and resolution of
inflammation following insult or damage to organs. The heart is a vital organ which supplies …

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases,
and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse …

The ECM (extracellular matrix) network plays a crucial role in cardiac homeostasis, not only
by providing structural support, but also by facilitating force transmission, and by transducing …

The metalloproteinase (MP) family of zinc-dependent proteases, including matrix
metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs), and a disintegrin …

Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM)
proteins in the myocardium, distorts the architecture of the myocardium, facilitates the …

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are
collectively known as gelatinases whereas MMP-2 is gelatinase-A and MMP-9 is termed as …

The cellular and molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis are
highly complex. We have reviewed the literature that covers the effectors, signal transduction …