Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of
continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures, resulting in the release of …

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is one of the best understood immune-
related pathways thanks to almost four decades of intense research. NF-κB signaling is …

Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood–brain barrier and innate immune
activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation induces inflammatory responses in macrophages by
activating temporally defined transcriptional cascades. Whether concurrent changes in the …

The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is composed of cyclins T1 or T2 and
cyclin-dependent kinase 9 that regulate the elongation phase of transcription by RNA …

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine with important functions in homeostasis and disease
pathogenesis. Recent discoveries have provided insights into TNF biology that introduce …

Gene expression by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is tightly controlled by cyclin-dependent
kinases (CDKs) at discrete checkpoints during the transcription cycle. The pausing …

Innate immune cells have complex signalling pathways for sensing pathogens and initiating
innate immune responses against infection. These pathways are tightly regulated at different …

Type I interferons (IFNs) activate intracellular antimicrobial programmes and influence the
development of innate and adaptive immune responses. Canonical type I IFN signalling …

Recent advances in sequencing techniques that measure nascent transcripts and that
reveal the positioning of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) have shown that the pausing of Pol II in …