Despite decades of research on the physiological and psychological effects of the menstrual
cycle, studies have not sufficiently adopted consistent methods for operationalizing the …

Premenstrual disorders include premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder,
and premenstrual worsening of another medical condition. While the underlying causes of …

The changes in diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) from the fourth to the
fifth edition of the D iagnostic and S tatistical M anual of M ental D isorders (DSM) may …

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which affects 2%–5% of premenopausal women, was
included in Appendix B of DSM-IV,“Criterion Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study.” …

Sex hormones, such as estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone, have a significant
influence on brain, behavior, and cognitive functioning. The menstrual cycle has been a …

Fluctuations in progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) across the menstrual cycle can exert
direct effects on biological systems implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and represent a …

Premenstrual disorders affect up to 12% of women. The subspecialties of psychiatry and
gynecology have developed overlapping but distinct diagnoses that qualify as a …

The study aimed at assessing the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and of
premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in a population …

Women worldwide are two to three times more likely to suffer from depression in their
lifetime than are men. Female risk for depressive symptoms is particularly high during the …

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are
characterized by somatic and psychologic symptoms that arise at the luteal phase of the …