Free-electron lasers produce extremely brief, coherent, and bright laser-like photon pulses
that allow to image matter at atomic resolution and at timescales faster than the …

Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photon detection technology is an effective means for the
exploration in the field of space science (monitoring the formation and evolution of solar …

Featured Application This article describes the layout of the European XFEL, a soft and hard
X-ray free-electron laser user facility starting operation in 2017. Emphasis is put on the …

FLASH, the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg, is a worldwide unique source for extremely
bright ultra-short laser-like pulses tunable in a wide spectral range in the extreme ultraviolet …

Extreme-ultraviolet to x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) in operation for scientific applications
are up to now single-user facilities. While most FELs generate around 100 photon pulses …

Saturable absorption is a phenomenon readily seen in the optical and infrared wavelengths.
It has never been observed in core-electron transitions owing to the short lifetime of the …

The ability to fully characterize ultrashort, ultra-intense X-ray pulses at free-electron lasers
(FELs) will be crucial in experiments ranging from single-molecule imaging to extreme …

For more than 25 years, the Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt has been strongly
engaged in the field of metrology using synchrotron radiation. In Berlin, this research …

Exceptional behavior of light-matter interaction in the extreme ultraviolet is demonstrated.
The photoionization of different rare gases was compared at the free-electron laser in …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), with pulse durations of a few tens of femtoseconds or
shorter, are cutting-edge instruments capable of observing structure and dynamics at the …