The exact role and the function of the scapula are misunderstood in many clinical situations.
This lack of awareness often translates into incomplete evaluation and diagnosis of shoulder …

Subacromial impingement syndrome is the most common disorder of the shoulder, resulting
in functional loss and disability in the patients that it affects. This musculoskeletal disorder …

The scapula serves many roles in order for proper shoulder function to occur. These roles
include providing synchronous scapular rotation during humeral motion, serving as a stable …

Scapular dyskinesis is an alteration in the normal position or motion of the scapula during
coupled scapulohumeral movements. It occurs in a large number of injuries involving the …

The rotator cuff performs multiple functions during shoulder exercises, including
glenohumeral abduction, external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR). The rotator cuff …

Forward head and rounded shoulder posture (FHRSP) is theorized to contribute to
alterations in scapular kinematics and muscle activity leading to the development of …

Background Altered muscle activity in the scapular muscles is commonly believed to be a
factor contributing to shoulder impingement syndrome. However, one important measure of …

The purpose of this study was to determine which exercises most effectively use the
scapular muscles. Eight muscles in 9 healthy subjects were studied with indwelling …

Recent research findings are incorporated in this review of the functional anatomy of the
shoulder complex. The scapulothoracic mechanism is described, including a review of …

Abnormal scapular kinematics and associated muscle function presumably contribute to
shoulder pain and pathology. An understanding of scapular kinematic and …