Abstract cGMP controls many cellular functions ranging from growth, viability, and
differentiation to contractility, secretion, and ion transport. The mammalian genome encodes …

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is a growth in left myocardial mass mainly caused by
increased cardiomyocyte size. LVH can be a physiological adaptation to physical exercise …

Abstract When Furchgott, Murad, and Ignarro were honored with the Nobel prize for the
identification of nitric oxide (NO) in 1998, the therapeutic implications of this discovery could …

Cardiac remodelling is classified as physiological (in response to growth, exercise and
pregnancy) or pathological (in response to inflammation, ischaemia, ischaemia/reperfusion …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) modulate the neurohormonal regulation of
cardiac function by degrading cAMP and cGMP. In cardiomyocytes, multiple PDE isozymes …

An increasing number of studies clearly demonstrate that coronary microvascular
dysfunction (CMD) plays a pivotal role in several cardiovascular diseases. 1 In particular …

Heart failure causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinically applied
drugs for the treatment of heart failure are still severely limited by poor delivery efficiency to …

Background The pathophysiological and clinical significance of microvascular dysfunction
(MVD) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains …

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), produced by guanylate cyclase (GC), activates
protein kinase G (PKG) and regulates cardiac remodeling. cGMP/PKG signal is activated by …

Cardiac contractility is regulated by several neural, hormonal, paracrine, and autocrine
factors. Amongst these, signaling through β-adrenergic and serotonin receptors generates …