Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease affecting myelinated nerves in the central
nervous system (CNS). The disease often debuts as a clinically isolated syndrome, eg, optic …

The gut microbiome has attracted increasing attention from researchers in recent years. The
microbiota can have a specific and complex cross-talk with the host, particularly with the …

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a broad range of disorders which are characterized by long-
term inflammation and tissue damage arising from an immune response against one's own …

Since the start of the “modern era”, characterized by the increase in urbanization, a
progressive attention to hygiene and autoimmune conditions has considerably grown …

Introduction Environmental factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis and
progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), either acting alone or by interacting with other …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive neuroinflammatory disease with a complex
pathophysiological background. A variety of diverse factors have been attributed to the …

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system. Although there is currently there is no definite cure for MS, new therapies …

Background The link between tobacco smoking and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) onset and
progression is well-established. While clinical levels of depression and anxiety are highly …

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology and still incompletely clarified pathogenesis …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) still poses a challenge in terms of complex etiology, not fully effective
methods of treatment, and lack of healing agents. This neurodegenerative condition …