This Seminar presents the current best practice for the diagnosis and management of
bladder cancer. The scope of this Seminar ranges from current challenges in pathology …

Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with substantial morbidity,
mortality and cost. Environmental or occupational exposures to carcinogens, especially …

Therapeutic antibodies that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1)–programmed death-
ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can induce robust and durable responses in patients with various …

BCG immunotherapy is the gold-standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
at high risk of recurrence or progression. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that a …

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder comprises two long-recognized disease entities with
distinct molecular features and clinical outcome. Low-grade non-muscle-invasive tumours …

Global mRNA expression analysis is efficient for phenotypic profiling of tumours, and has
been used to define molecular subtypes for almost every major tumour type. A key limitation …

Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumours with at least 40 histological subgroups.
Patients with localized disease can be cured with surgical resection or radiotherapy, but …

Context In the management of urothelial carcinoma, determination of the pathological grade
aims at stratifying tumours into different prognostic groups to allow evaluation of treatment …

Whole-genome analyses have revealed that muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) are
heterogeneous and can be grouped into basal and luminal subtypes that are highly …

Genomic profiling studies have demonstrated that bladder cancer can be divided into two
molecular subtypes referred to as luminal and basal with distinct clinical behaviors and …