Twenty-five years ago the first human functional neuroimaging studies of cognition
discovered a surprising response in the cerebellum that could not be attributed to motor …

The neocortex is the seat of higher cognitive functions and, in evolutionary terms, is the
youngest part of the mammalian brain. Since its origin, the neocortex has expanded in …

Humans possess an extraordinary capacity for cultural production, from the arts and
language to science and technology. How did the human mind—and the uniquely human …

Abstract Changes in the abundance and diversity of neural cell types, and their connectivity,
shape brain composition and provide the substrate for behavioral evolution. Although …

The social brain hypothesis posits that social complexity is the primary driver of primate
cognitive complexity, and that social pressures ultimately led to the evolution of the large …

Relative brain size has long been considered a reflection of cognitive capacities and has
played a fundamental role in developing core theories in the life sciences. Yet, the notion …

Despite considerable interest in the forces shaping the relationship between brain size and
cognitive abilities, it remains controversial whether larger-brained animals are, indeed …

The cerebellum has long been regarded as essential only for the coordination of voluntary
motor activity and motor learning. Anatomical, clinical and neuroimaging studies have led to …

The human brain has often been viewed as outstanding among mammalian brains: the most
cognitively able, the largest-than-expected from body size, endowed with an overdeveloped …

What is the relationship between brain and behavior? The answer to this question
necessitates characterizing the mapping between structure and function. The aim of this …