Vitamin K‑dependent proteins (VKDPs) are a group of proteins that need vitamin K to
conduct carboxylation. Thus far, scholars have identified a total of 17 VKDPs in the human …

Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) comprises several heterogenous groups, now
classified based on endotype more often than on phenotype. A number of studies aimed at …

Background Integrated care pathways improve the management of patients with chronic
rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The application of integrated care pathways …

Periostin is a matricellular, nonstructural protein belonging to the fasciclin family and is
encoded by the POSTN gene in humans. Periostin plays an important role in maintaining a …

Background: Global airway disease, with symptoms from both upper and lower airways, is a
challenging problem for clinicians. Our goal is to design one single standard test for the …

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is one of the important and difficult-to-treat symptoms of
eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which is typically associated with type 2 …

Background Serum periostin associates with type-2 inflammation in asthmatic airways, but
also reflects whole body periostin levels originating from multiple sources. Less is known …

Periostin is known to be a useful biomarker for various diseases. In this article, we focus on
allergic diseases and pulmonary fibrosis, for which we and others are now developing …

Background The etiologies of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)-associated
olfactory dysfunction have several potentially overlapping hypotheses. Understanding the …

Introduction Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a typical symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS),
which adversely affects the patient's quality of life and results in mood depression. Studies …