Molecular properties of coordination compounds can be efficiently studied by vibrational
spectroscopy. The scope of Raman spectroscopy has been greatly enhanced by the …

Deviations from mirror symmetry in the development of bilateral organisms are common but
the mechanisms of initial symmetry breaking are insufficiently understood. The actin …

Background Annelids are a diverse group of segmented worms within Spiralia, whose
embryos exhibit spiral cleavage and a variety of larval forms. While most modern …

Many bilaterally symmetrical animals develop genetically programmed left–right
asymmetries. In vertebrates, this process is under the control of Nodal signaling, which is …

In seeking to understand the establishment of left–right (LR) asymmetry, a limiting factor is
that most animals are ordinarily invariant in their asymmetry, except when manipulated or …

Background The evolution of central nervous systems (CNSs) is a fascinating and complex
topic; further work is needed to understand the genetic and developmental homology …

Left–right asymmetry is a phenomenon that has a broad appeal—to anatomists,
developmental biologists and evolutionary biologists—because it is a morphological feature …

Tuning cell adhesion geometry can affect cytoskeleton organization and the distribution of
cytoskeleton forces, which play critical roles in controlling cell functions. To elucidate the …

Background Stereotypic cleavage patterns play a crucial role in cell fate determination by
precisely positioning early embryonic blastomeres. Although misplaced cell divisions can …

Background Phoronids, rhynchonelliform and linguliform brachiopods show striking
similarities in their embryonic fate maps, in particular in their axis specification and …