A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

It is well known that quantum field theory (QFT) induces a huge value of the cosmological
constant (CC), Λ, which is outrageously inconsistent with cosmological observations. We …

The renormalization of the vacuum energy in quantum field theory (QFT) is usually plagued
with theoretical conundrums related not only with the renormalization procedure itself, but …

The observational fact that the present values of the densities of dark energy and dark matter
are of the same order of magnitude, ρ _ de 0/ρ _ dm 0 ∼ O (1) ρ de 0/ρ dm 0∼ O (1), seems …

The cosmological term, Λ, was introduced 104 years ago by Einstein in his gravitational field
equations. Whether Λ is a rigid quantity or a dynamical variable in cosmology has been a …

A substantial body of phenomenological and theoretical work over the last few years
strengthens the possibility that the vacuum energy density (VED) of the universe is …

Despite the fact that a rigid ${\rm {\Lambda}} $-term is a fundamental building block of the
concordance ΛCDM model, we show that a large class of cosmological scenarios with …

Despite the outstanding achievements of modern cosmology, the classical dispute on the
precise value of H 0, which is the first ever parameter of modern cosmology and one of the …

Recent studies of quantum field theory in FLRW spacetime suggest that the cause of the
speeding up of the universe is the running vacuum (RV), see Moreno-Pulido and Solà …

Abstract The\(\Lambda\)-term in Einstein's equations is a fundamental building block of the
'concordance'\(\Lambda\) CDM model of cosmology. Even though the model is not free of …