The diversity, composition, and function of the bacterial community inhabiting the human
gastrointestinal tract contributes to host health through its role in producing energy or …

Over the past two decades, bile acids (BAs) have become established as important
signaling molecules that enable fine-tuned inter-tissue communication from the liver, their …

Gut microbiota and its metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA),
lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) impact cardiovascular …

Bile acids are a large family of atypical steroids which exert their functions by binding to a
family of ubiquitous cell membrane and nuclear receptors. There are two main bile acid …

Cholestasis is an impairment of bile formation/flow at the level of the hepatocyte and/or
cholangiocyte. The first, and for the moment, most established medical treatment is the …

Background & Aims We evaluated the efficacy and safety of obeticholic acid (OCA, α-
ethylchenodeoxycholic acid) in a randomized controlled trial of patients with primary biliary …

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), characterized with metabolic disorder triggered
cardiovascular events, is a leading cause of death and disability. Metabolic disorders trigger …

The intracellular nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor and the transmembrane G protein-
coupled receptor TGR5 respond to bile acids by activating transcriptional networks and/or …

The liver is the central metabolic hub which coordinates nutritional inputs and metabolic
outputs. Food intake releases bile acids which can be sensed by the bile acid receptor FXR …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of dysregulated lipid
and glucose metabolism, which is often associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin …