Animals travelling through the world receive input from multiple sensory modalities that
could be important for the guidance of their journeys. Given the availability of a rich array of …

The ability to learn the location of places in the world and to revisit them repeatedly is crucial
for all aspects of animal life on earth. It underpins animal foraging, predator avoidance …

Foragers of many ant species learn long, visually guided routes between their nest and
profitable feeding grounds [1–3]. The sensorimotor mechanisms underpinning the use of …

The purpose of this article is to review and evaluate the range of theories proposed to
explain findings on the use of geometry in reorientation. We consider five key approaches …

Animals moving through the world are surrounded by potential information. But the
components of this rich array that they extract will depend on current behavioral …

The ability of bees and ants to learn long visually guided routes in complex environments is
perhaps one of the most spectacular pieces of evidence for the impressive power of their …

Desert ants make use of various navigational techniques, including path integration and
visual route following, to forage efficiently in their extremely hostile environment. Species …

A number of systems of navigation have been studied in some detail in insects. These
include path integration, a system that keeps track of the straight-line distance and direction …

Individual foraging ants are known to rely on views of their surroundings for route learning
and for pinpointing goals. Different strategies have been proposed to explain how ants might …

Navigating animals are known to use a number of celestial and terrestrial compass cues that
allow them to determine and control their direction of travel. Which of the cues dominate …