Examination of temperate and polar regions of Earth shows that the nonbiological world is
exquisitely sensitive to the direct effects of temperature, whereas the biological world is …

In this article, we explore links between circadian clocks and the clock involved in
photoperiodic regulation of diapause in insects. Classical resonance (Nanda–Hamner) and …

The daily rhythm of 24 h and the annual rhythm of 12 mo constitute the 2 major, highly
predictable rhythms of the biosphere. The internal circadian clock enables organisms to …

Wyeomyia smithii, the pitcher-plant mosquito, has evolved from south to north and from low
to high elevations in eastern North America. Along this seasonal gradient, critical …

Background Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes exhibit an endophilic, nocturnal blood feeding
behavior. Despite the importance of light as a regulator of malaria transmission, our …

This review examines possible role (s) of circadian 'clock'genes in insect photoperiodism
against a background of many decades of formal experimentation and model building. Since …

In studies of photoperiodic induction of over-wintering diapause, independent variation of
the light (L) and dark (D) components of the daily (LD) cycle shows, with few exceptions, that …

Daylength perception in temperate zones is a critical feature of insect life histories, and
leads to developmental changes for resisting unfavourable seasons. The role of the …

Background The mosquito Wyeomyia smithii overwinters in a larval diapause that is
initiated, maintained and terminated by day length (photoperiod). We use a forward genetic …

For over 70 years, researchers have debated whether the ability to use day length as a cue
for the timing of seasonal events (photoperiodism) is related to the endogenous circadian …