Relationships between events in one period of the annual cycle and behaviour in
subsequent seasons are key determinants of individual life histories and population …

An authoritative overview of the biology of the Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla. Returning to its
breeding sites in the spring after a winter spent far out at sea, the Kittiwake is a familiar sight …

Energy expenditure in wild animals can be limited (i) intrinsically by physiological processes
that constrain an animal's capacity to use energy,(ii) extrinsically by energy availability in the …

We tested the hypothesis that parental effort modulates the magnitude of corticosterone and
prolactin responses to stress in a long-lived bird, the Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa …

We studied reproductive costs of Black‐legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in Prince William
Sound, Alaska (USA) by removing entire clutches from randomly selected nests over four …

Although the replacement of feathers apparently represents the major event of somatic
production in the annual cycle of wild birds, knowledge about the energetics of molt has …

Acquisition of resources can be costly and individuals are predicted to optimize foraging
strategies to maximize net energy gain. Wolves (Canis lupus) would be expected to …

Breeding is costly for many animals, including birds that must deliver food to a central place
(ie nest). Measuring energy expenditure throughout the breeding season can provide …

Breeding animals trade off maximizing energy output to increase their number of offspring
with conserving energy to ensure their own survival, leading to an energetic ceiling …

Despite the central importance of the rate of energy expenditure in the lives of animals, the
major drivers of within‐species variation in energy expenditure remain uncertain, largely …