The cytokine IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory mediator ensuring protection of a host from
over-exuberant responses to pathogens and microbiota, while playing important roles in …

The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has produced explosive growth in
tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune …

The transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and activator protein 1 (AP-
1; Fos–Jun) cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but NFAT in the absence …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has limited efficacy against solid tumors, and
one major challenge is T cell exhaustion. To address this challenge, we performed a …

Response rates to immunotherapy in solid tumors remain low due in part to the elevated
prevalence of terminally exhausted T cells, a hypofunctional differentiation state induced …

During chronic viral infection, CD8+ T cells develop into three major phenotypically and
functionally distinct subsets: Ly108+ TCF-1+ progenitors, Ly108− CX3CR1− terminally …

During chronic stimulation, CD8+ T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype characterized by
expression of inhibitory receptors, down-modulation of effector function, and metabolic …

The regulation of antibody production is linked to the generation and maintenance of
plasmablasts and plasma cells from their B cell precursors. Plasmablasts are the rapidly …

SARS-CoV-2 mutations contribute to increased viral transmissibility and immune escape,
compromising the effectiveness of existing vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. An in-depth …

Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in activating innate immune cells and initiating
adaptive immune responses. The functions of DCs were originally obscured by their overlap …