Pathological alterations to the locus coeruleus, the major source of noradrenaline in the
brain, are histologically evident in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Novel MRI …

Neuropathic pain arises as a consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the
somatosensory system. It is generally chronic and challenging to treat. The recommended …

The locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic system is the main source of noradrenaline in the
central nervous system and is involved intensively in modulating pain and stress-related …

Chronic pain often occurs in the elderly, particularly in the patients with neurodegenerative
disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although studies indicate that chronic pain …

Introduction: Tramadol is an opioid drug that, unlike classic opioids, also modulates the
monoaminergic system by inhibiting noradrenergic and serotoninergic reuptake. For this …

Descending controls, comprising pathways that originate in midbrain and brainstem regions
and project onto the spinal cord, have long been recognised as key links in the multiple …

Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology and
more specifically in the mechanisms underlying peripheral and central sensitization. Here …

Background The noradrenergic neurons of locus coeruleus (LC) project to the spinal dorsal
horn (SDH), and release norepinephrine (NE) to inhibit pain transmission. However, its …

There is strong comorbidity between chronic pain and depression, although the neural
circuits and mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. By combining …

Background Chronic pain is common in adults, and often has a detrimental impact upon
physical ability, well‐being, and quality of life. Previous reviews have shown that certain …