Exercise and activity limitation are characteristic features of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Exercise intolerance may result from ventilatory limitation, cardiovascular …

PURPOSE Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often report
intolerable dyspnea when they use their arms for simple activities of daily living. Although …

BACKGROUND: Unsupported arm exercise tests have been used to evaluate the effects of
pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but …

PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a new unsupported upper limb exercise test
(UULEX) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS The …

Background Unlike studies on leg exercise, reports on the regulation of dynamic
hyperinflation during arm exercise are scanty. We ascertained the following in patients with …

Exercise intolerance is a characteristic and greatly troubling manifestation of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with moderate to severe COPD are limited …

Arm activities are required for maintenance of self-care and independent living. This study
aimed to investigate whether and to what extent arm activities of daily living (ADL) in chronic …

Background There are no recommendations on how to measure arm exercise capacity in
individuals with COPD. The objectives of this study were (1) to synthesize the literature on …

Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience problems in
those activities of daily living which involve so-called unsupported arm elevations (AE). In …

Previous studies indicate that energy expenditure related to physical activity is enhanced
and that mechanical efficiency of leg exercise is reduced in patients with chronic obstructive …