Abstract Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a critical multi-faceted role in the regulation
of the cell cycle. It is known to dephosphorylate over 300 substrates involved in the cell …

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a widely expressed and highly conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase encoded in mammals by two genes that generate two …

Nearly 100 proteins are proposed to be substrates for GSK3, suggesting that this enzyme is
a fundamental regulator of almost every process in the cell, in every tissue in the body …

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur in almost all proteins and play an important
role in numerous biological processes by significantly affecting proteins' structure and …

Phosphorylation plays essential roles in nearly every aspect of cell life. Protein kinases
regulate signalling pathways and cellular processes that mediate metabolism, transcription …

Cellular information processing via reversible protein phosphorylation requires tight control
of the localization, activity, and substrate specificity of protein kinases, which to a large …

Reversible phosphorylation on serine, threonine and tyrosine is the most widely studied
posttranslational modification of proteins,. The number of phosphorylated sites on a protein …

Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene strongly
predispose to development of gastro-intestinal tumors. Central to the tumorigenic events in …

Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the CK1 protein family that
is conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. It regulates signaling pathways related to …

The term 'casein kinase'has been widely used for decades to denote protein kinases sharing
the ability to readily phosphorylate casein in vitro. These fall into three main classes: two of …