It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in
nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules …

The innate immune system recognizes microbial products using germline-encoded
receptors that initiate inflammatory responses to infection. The bacterial cell wall component …

Following its predecessor, the second edition of Amino Acids: Biochemistry and Nutrition
presents exhaustive coverage of amino acids in the nutrition, metabolism and health of …

d-amino acids, the enantiomeric counterparts of l-amino acids, were long considered to be
non-functional or not even present in living organisms. Nowadays, d-amino acids are …

Natural nonproteinogenic amino acids vastly outnumber the well-known 22 proteinogenic
amino acids. Such amino acids are generated in specialized metabolic pathways. In these …

The versatile roles of D-amino acids (D-AAs) in foods, diseases, and organisms, etc., have
been widely reported. They have been regarded, not only as biomarkers of diseases but …

Modification of essential bacterial peptidoglycan (PG)-containing cell walls can lead to
antibiotic resistance; for example, β-lactam resistance by l, d-transpeptidase activities …

Bacteria produce diverse d-amino acids, which are essential components of cell wall
peptidoglycan. Incorporation of these d-amino acids into peptidoglycan contributes to …

Investigations on the occurrence and biochemical roles of free D‐amino acids and D‐amino
acid‐containing peptides and proteins in living systems have increased in frequency and …

Organisms use l-amino acids (l-aa) for most physiological processes. Unlike other
organisms, bacteria chiral-convert l-aa to d-configurations as essential components of their …